Social Isolation and Suicidal Ideation Among University Students in Enugu State, Nigeria: A Qualitative Perspective

Abstract

University students face growing mental health challenges, yet social isolation as a contributor to suicidal ideation remains understudied in Nigeria, particularly from the perspectives of students themselves. Understanding how isolation influences suicidal thinking is essential for designing context-sensitive interventions within Nigerian higher education environments. Despite a global rise in suicide among young adults, existing literature remains largely Western-centric, offering limited insight into the lived experiences of African students dealing with mental distress and social exclusion. This study explores the link between social isolation and suicidal ideation among university students in Enugu State, Nigeria, aiming to fill this gap by foregrounding students’ voices through qualitative inquiry. A total of 24 in-depth interviews were conducted with undergraduate students from two public universities, selected using purposive and snowball sampling. Thematic analysis was conducted using Braun and Clarke’s six-phase framework. Four major themes emerged: Pathways into isolation, emotional impact of isolation, coping strategies, and perceived institutional support. Participants reported that isolation stemmed from academic stress, stigma, sexual orientation, and financial hardship. Many described depressive symptoms, hopelessness, and thoughts of self-harm linked to their isolation. While some found relief through religious faith or peer support, others highlighted inadequate institutional mental health services. These findings underscore the urgent need for culturally grounded mental health interventions in Nigerian universities. Integrating peer-led support systems, improving counseling services, and leveraging existing community networks could reduce the burden of suicidal ideation and foster a more inclusive academic environment.